Material for implants of the future

A group of researchers from Berkeley Lab has developed a material that is considered the toughest and most durable in the world. This material is called metallic glass, and is made ​​of palladium alloy and glass. The material includes 79% palladium, 3.5% silver, 6% phosphorus, 9.5% and 2% of silicon germanium.

Although the glass materials are inherently strong, due to the lack of crystalline microstructure, but their big disadvantage is brittleness, which is often manifested by extreme lack of resistance to scratching and cracking. Unlike ordinary glass, metallic glasses have the ability to move the emerging cracks in the form of bands and block their proliferation, and thus combine the advantages of brittle ceramic materials, and extremely hard metal.

The resulting amorphous material exhibits exceptional resistance to damage, not yet reached beyond the parameters of the toughest and strongest materials. Metal glass alloy of palladium was tested for tensile strength, which showed satisfactory results - so we know that it will be able to be applied where hardness and resistance to the forces of elasticity is needed. When scratches appear on the glass material, a metal beam of cracs is produced that surrounds the crack and prevents it from spreading. Glass, metal alloy of palladium is thereby highly resistant to damaging agents.

Medicine involves a lot of hope with metallic glasses. Currently it is under investigation into the use of such materials in the implants, especially when it comes to supporting the treatment of bone fractures, even in the form of bolts connecting the fragments. According to Marios D. Demetriou - one of the creators of the material that will be used in the manufacture of dental implants and other implants used in medicine, it is very likely because their production costs are very high and so making use of this expensive material could be justified.

The new tougher to forces implants could improve the quality of life of patients to whom they were applied, however, to assess the suitability of the material it is necessary to examine its effect on the body and the biocompatibility of the tissue. It would be perfect it the biomaterial described underwent osseointegration, as well as titanium compounds, which correspond to currently used dental implants.

HAPPY EASTER !

 Dental Travel Poland team would like to wish you 

Joyous Easter, Happiness, Love, good Luck 

and the beautiful Spring season to cherish.

Fear of the dentist in statistical terms

The latest report, "Dentofobia - fear of a dentist, " provides interesting information. You can learn from it that:

• handsome dentist soothes the nerves of the patient,

• adrenaline level is reduced by the lack of queues for the visit,

• 81 per cent. of people are afraid of the dentist, of whom nearly one fourth cause of anxiety is ... the state of their own teeth, 19 percent. patients is not afraid of the dentist

• in the office people are afraid of smell, sounds of tools and working drills and prices.

Expensive trip to the dentist keeps awake at night many Polish patients- the prices charged for dental treatment were in third place in the study of perceived causes of stress before the meeting with a specialist. Almost half of patients feel the fear of costs.

The people questioned acknowledged that they are stressed because of:

• the unknown, if the dentist will be a good specialist (33 per cent. replies)

• sight of queues of people waiting for an appointment (25 per cent.)

• contemptuous attitude of the dentist (15 per cent.)

• money (40 per cent.)

• specific smell prevailed in the office (35 per cent.)

• sounds arising from the use of dental tools and drilling time (40 per cent.)

• the dentist himself/herself (30 per cent.).

The study also showed, how patients are affected by a dentist:

• 30 per cent. of patients is stressed by the presence of a dentist

• if the dentist is nice and a handsome it decreases stress level in nearly quarter of patients,

• adrenaline level decreases from 60 percent. patients if the dentist gives you a sense of security,

• 34 per cent. declares that the usual handshake by the dentist acts as a calming tablet,

• the best medicine on the nerves of the patient smile and good humor of the doctor- so it feels 90 percent.of the respondents

Poles are afraid of the dentist in bulk, mistakenly believing that the office is a place of pain, and treatment of teeth is just as uncomfortable as even 30 years ago. However, modern technology and shortened duration of therapy are the strengths that make 45 percent. respondents would give to convince the treatment of teeth. Just a shame that in our society still exists a large group of people (43 per cent. respondents), whom dentophobia does not allow to see a specialist.

- Instead of a small crack in the tooth we go to the dentist with holes. Instead of completing small cavities, we often end up on the removal of the entire tooth. In the minds of many Poles, our dentist's office is a place where pain is the norm, and it's not true. Swedes go to the dentist as to the spa, are not afraid of pain. The reason? 99% of Swedes have healthy teeth because of regular visits, and the problem of dentophobia in this country is history-explains Wojciech Fąferko, a dentist.

Better Krakow or Warsaw? Bickered at the Guardian

Which city is the undisputed leader - Warsaw or Krakow? A very widely read edition of the Guardian British journalists were arguing about a weekend. 

"Warsaw is moving forward. This vibrant metropolis, the world of business and culture. It has really a lot to offer". 

"Krakow may be smaller, but the diversity of cultural offer, the density of restaurants, bars, music clubs can not be beat and beats on the head of the Polish capital." This is just a sample from the discussion of two of the most acclaimed Polish cities, which treated its readers on Saturday, the Guardian, alongside 'the Times' most important newspaper of Great Britain. The Guardian published an article on the Warsaw-Krakow dispute under the significant title "Warsaw, Krakow ... Which is in pole position?", juxtaposing the opinions of the two cities of the English-speaking journalists: Jamie Stokes and Dana Dramowicz.

Greatly promoted the publication of the "Guardian" is the effect of this newspaper launched by a series of major articles on Poland titled 'New Europe', in which British journalists present to his readers the various aspects of Polish presence in the European Union. Readers of the paper version of the magazine (circulation of around 400 thousand. copies) and Guardian Online, Internet service (one of the most visited online world, combining the content of the Guardian and Sunday's weekly "Observer"), so already read Polish literature, history, Jewish traces . This week, just about warming dispute between Warsaw and Krakow.

And so: Warsaw is praised for modernity, but not in all areas. Warsaw's old trams are criticized (Jamie ridicules their old age) and still anachronistic communication solutions ("But they lack in our smog" - Dana triumphs). "Everybody knows that the capital is gray, bleak, devoid of charm. Krakow is much more beautiful" - Jamie convinces readers of the Guardian, and calculates an unexpected advantages of Krakow:

- unique in the world of urban archeology museum. As big as three football fields and located beneath the main square, the largest and well-preserved medieval square in Europe;

- excellent for health 'green Planty - "tree-lined border" town center, which can go from preserved in perfect condition and the old city walls, gates, up to the castle on Wawel and the Vistula;

- opportunity to earn lots of money for the day and in the evenings to play in great clubs, listening to musicians and DJs recognized, a relaxing of the iPad or a book in hand in one of the hundreds of pubs and cafes;

- the variety of culinary delights in a small area, such as the former Jewish district. At Kazimierz there are restaurants next to each other with the Mexican cuisine, Thai, Italian, French, Indian, Russian, Hungarian, Jewish and Polish, of course. "You can eat every night for a month at different restaurants and still have not tasted them all. Try to do the same in Warsaw. Very quickly fall off your feet from walking on this huge city" - Jamie laughs.

Warsaw does not owe Krakow​and by mouth of Dany boasts itself on the spectacular impending opening of the Museum of Modern Art, bold investments for Euro 2012 (including the monumental National Stadium) and the second underground line is being built. "You think that Krakow is so modern, because you have redecorated several roundabouts?" - English journalist laughs. 

Among the disadvantages of Krakow journalists include too greasy regional cuisine, very little greenness and constant staring at the old range and long bygone successes, which blocks a lot of potential here to make bold changes and reforms.

Both sides agree on one thing: both cities offer its patrons an excellent culture and entertainment. Journalists visiting Krakow recommend  museum in a former factory, Schindler and the National Museum and the clubs of New Alchemy and Nic. Amateur Warsaw can not forget about the Chopin Museum, Science Center "Copernicus"and the Warsaw Uprising Museum. I necessarily need to eat herrings in "Zakąskach-Przekąskach" on ... Krakowski - incidentally - Suburb.

Zurek, Doda, and Poles are pessimists - 'Guardian' frankly about Poland

Poland is undergoing a period of a second 'economic miracle'.  Despite the crisis, the country continues to record economic growth. The political situation in that country is the most stable in the history of modern Poland - that 'Guardian' shows our country.

Journalists UK's largest left-wing daily - Julian Borger and Helen Pidd - visited Poland and in the report 'New Europe' have described a cross our country. How do they see and evaluate us?

Economy forward, the policy of stable

Their observations may be surprising to many. The economy of our country seen from the outside is doing quite well. According to Borger and Pidd, Poland is undergoing a period of a second 'economic miracle'. - Despite the crisis, the country continues to record economic growth - they write. Our political situation has been characterized as 'the most stable in modern Polish history'.  According to British journalists, coalitions in our parliament are extremely short-lived, as everything revolves around 'two-horse race' - the PO and PiS. There is not a word about the SLD, PSL, and PJN.

Characteristics of the Law and Justice focuses on the Kaczynski brothers. - Lech was killed in plane crash near Smolensk. His brother believes it was more than coincidence - assess the journalists. In order to represent to the British what is the power of the Polish president, they resort to the metaphor - he is stronger than in Germany, weaker than in France. In the passage devoted to Polish politics will find digression on the LPR and Self-Defense. According to Borger and Pidd their names refer to the 'old days', or PRL.

Foreign Policy - is differently, but Sikorski said improvements

According to British journalists, the Polish foreign policy is mainly based on historical experience of our country, invaded many times by the neighbors. - Moments of a test the Poles survived after the plane crash near Smolensk, where, together with the Russians, the memory of the murdered in Katyn was to be honored - they write.

Then the authors point out that everything is moving towards the better because Radoslaw Sikorski said that 'historical resentments should be put aside'. According to them, it is unclear whether this will change quite a negative attitude to the Polish neighboring countries. The authors focused primarily on the Polish relations with Russia and Germany apart from other neighboring countries such as the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Ukraine, Lithuania and Belarus, as well as the fact that foreign policy is not confined to border states.

'Whites, Catholics, a minority of mostly German'

'In Poland, there live about 40 million people and the population is declining '- the authors write. Borger and Pidd blame for that the Poles who left 'for profit' to other European countries (the most common direction of migration is still the United Kingdom - ed.) 'Guardian' Journalists believe that our government has not sufficiently made​sure that young migrants have something to go home to.

The authors rely on the data from 2002, according to which the largest national minorities in Poland are Germans, Belarusians and Ukrainians. However, if verified what is the case now, they could write that into our country receives a large number of such Vietnamese, Nigerians, and Chechens. In one, however, they are right. 'Poland is a country dominated by whites, Catholics' - they write.

Polish history begins in the nineteenth century

- History does not treat Poland gently. Sticking between Germany and Russia turned out to be almost impossible - believe Borger and Pidd. It turns out that according to them our 'commonwealth' (term used toward the British Commonwealth - ed) has been divided into parts by Russia, Prussia and Austria. You can guess that it is a Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, whose structure, however, strongly differed from the system of the British Empire.

What happened next in the pages of Polish history? The authors write: 'After a period of partition, was 'Miracle of the Vistula' and the power was taken over by the hero Pilsudski, who carried out the coup. - 'Everything that happened next was 'absolute disaster' -  the start of World War II is defined.

- Hitler and Stalin, turned Poland into the field of death. They killed six million Poles - three millions of Jews and three millions of Catholics - succinctly about the Holocaust capture the authors of the article. Interestingly, according to Borger and Pidd after the war Poland was 'swallowed by Stalin', who suppressed yet another revolution in Poland.

This situation lasted until a well-known electrician came on the yard wall of Lenin and called on workers to strike. - Lech Walesa and the 'Solidarity' contributed to the collapse of the communism in Eastern Europe, and now the Poles do not allow anyone to forget about it - here, British journalists are not mistaken.

We are pessimistic, hospitable, and are not afraid to be silent

- Polish psyche is not too optimistic. This may be due to years of oppression and successive invasions. Pessimism is even visible at the Polish anthem - say journalists referring to the passage: 'Poland has not perished. '

The authors of material on our country will endeavor to make the nature of Polish society from the standpoint of the average Briton. They warn his countrymen that, in our country's polite question, 'How are you?', which in England always match up, 'Okay. Thank you.' - Here we can hear the ominous 'old poverty'.

What do Borger and Pidd separates us from the Brits? First of all, less than they we fear the awkward silence. Additionally, we are generous, hospitable and proud that our country has endured all the misery.

They are chivalrous and do not talk openly about sex

- Men in Poland are romantic, but  they rather welcome a woman by giving her hand in greeting instead of kissing her hand. In addition they are gallant and meet the expectations of Polish women who want to be passed through the door and given flowers. Poles are practicing premarital sex, but rather not talk about it loudly. The exception is the secularized Warsaw. Many parents are often unhappy when their children want to live with their partners before marriage.

- Abortion is illegal in Poland, and contraception inadequately promoted. Sex education is still regarded euphemistically, and homophobia is quite a serious problem. However, there is a little hope - this year the ruling party has expelled from its ranks one of the MPs (Robert Wegrzyn - eds.), who spoke some offensive comments about lesbians - so the authors evaluate the Poles in the paragraph entitled 'Love and sex.'

Zurek, Doda and 'they have the X-Factor!'

After reading the article of Borger and Pidd a conclusion arises- we have a big problem with the promotion of our cultural assets. During the visit to Poland, most British journalists rushed into the eyes of Doda (equivalent of Birtney Spears ), and for the most popular band they saw Kult. Most programs are, according to them, 'Dancing with the Stars' and invented by Briton Simon Cowell 'X-Factor' ('They have it too!').

As for our cooking, dumplings, sausages and soup are recommended as a classic. After mentioning that we eat lots of kebabs the topic of the delicious and easy to prepare roasted sandwich arises. To all this, we of course drink vodka and beer.

The condition of Polish cinema is, however, according to Borger and Pidd, very good. According to the section 'A Brief History of Polish cinema' the Poles like to watch Hollywood blockbusters, but have a very good film school, from which derive such personalities as Polanski, Kieslowski and Wajda.